For many years, breweries have leaned on the assertion that there are no known pathogens (bacteria, viruses or other microorganisms that can cause disease) that can survive in beer. While many studies have shown beer to be an inhospitable environment for many microorganisms, it is important to understand that potential food safety hazards are not limited to pathogens. Potential threats include chemical and physical hazards which could harm a consumer. It is the responsibility of the brewer to ensure that they have taken all necessary measures to identify and prevent all potential hazards.